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Contents 1 Introduction 2 Language 2.1 BASIC 2.2 C 2.3 C++ 2.4 C# 2.5 D 2.6 Java 2.7 EcmaScript 2.8 JavaScript 2.9 Lua 2.10 MATLAB M 2.11 Pascal 2.12 Perl 2.13 Python 2.14 PHP 2.15 Ruby 2.16 Scheme 3 Virtual Machines 3.1 JVM 3.2 LLVM 3.3 CLI/.NET 3.4 AVM3 3.5 NekoVM 4 Comments

Introduction

The LanguageMix is a matrix showing the relationships between Programming Languages and Virtual Machines

It is also available in matrix form at Google Docs: Language Mix

The following list shows the how a given programming language can be interpreted or compiled by another programming language. In the second part the focus is on how the ByteCode of a given Virtual Machine and eventually its associated library is implemented in another Language or Virtual Machine.

Online it is possible to find speed and size tests of programs written in different languages:

• minilight
• Box2D is available in C++, Flash and Javascript for example
• scripting-language

Language

BASIC

• JavaScript various
• .NET VB.NET

C

• C: CH is a C/C++ interpreter
• C: TinyC is an embedded C compiler
• Flash/AVM: Adobe Alchemy is a C to Flash/AVM translator using [LLVM]
• Java: NestedVM and before mips2java converts C/C++ into Java bytecode

C++

• C++ CINT is THE C/C++ Open Source interpreter
• C: CH is a C/C++ Commercial Interpreter
• C/C++: AngelScript a C/C++ style language with some variations
• Flash/AVM: Adobe Alchemy is a C/C++ to Flash/AVM translator

C#

• C#: Mono C# Compiler

D

• LLVM: LDC

Java

• C: GCJ
• JavaScript: GWT

• Lua-Java Bridge: LuaJava
• Python-Java Bridge: JPype
• PHP-Java Bridge: php-java-bridge

EcmaScript

• JavaScript: Haxe
• NekoVM: Haxe
• PHP: Haxe

See also efforts on cross implementation JavaScript APIs (commonjs.org and list of implementations)

JavaScript

• C: SpiderMonkey
• C++: TraceMonkey
• C++: V8
• C++: SquirrelFish
• C++: Tamarin
• PHP: J4P5 and PHPJS
• C#: ScriptSharp
• Java: Rhino
• JavaScript: ECMAScript4

• Python-SpiderMonkey Bridge: python-spidermonkey
• Perl-SpiderMonkey Bridge: [1]

See also the list of JavaScript implementations from Wikipedia

Lua

• C: Lua
• Lua Java Bridge: LuaJava
• LLVM: [2] Lua over LLVM
• CLI: LUA2IL
• .NET bridge: LuaInterface
• JIT: luajit
• Javascript translator: lua2js

MATLAB M

• Java: jmatlink (Bridge)
• Python: ompc Translation from MATLAB to Python code

Pascal

Perl

• Perl-SpiderMonkey Bridge: [3]

Python

• C: CPython
• C++ conversion: [4]
• JVM: Jython
• .NET: IronPython
• JavaScript: CoffiePie
• LLVM: Unladen Swallow

• Python-Java Bridge: JPype
• Python-SpiderMonkey Bridge: python-spidermonkey

PHP

• C: PHP
• Java: Quercus
• LLVM: Building a JIT compiler for PHP in 2 day RoadSend
• PHP to C++: HipHop by FaceBook
• PHP-Java Bridge: php-java-bridge

Ruby

• JavaScript/ActionScript: HotRuby and the RubyVM in general
• JVM: JRuby
• .NET: IronRuby
• LLVM: Rubinius

Scheme

• Flash: [5]

Virtual Machines

JVM

• C: GCJ
• .NET: IKVM
• JavaScript: Ortho
• LLVM: VMKit

LLVM

• LLVM

CLI/.NET

• C: DotGNU
• C: Mono
• JavaScript: jsc
• PHP: jsc
• Java: jsc
• ActionScript: jsc
• C#: jsc
• LLVM: VMKit

AVM3

The Flash ActionScript3 VM

• C: Tamarin
• JavaScript: Gordon allows Flash running as JavaScript
• Java: [6]

NekoVM

• C: NekoVM

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